Chapter 2 from cambridge history of iran, volume 4 cambridge, 1975, edited by r. The period covered in this volume is one of the most tumultuous periods of islamic history. The dynasty, based in baghdad, ruled over a vast empire, stretching from the indus valley and southern russia to the east to tunisia in the west. View history of caliphates research papers on academia. Under the abbasids the capital of the caliphate was moved from damascus to the new city of baghdad.
We couldnt find an actual picture of the caliphate but this is as good as we could get. Founded through revolution, it presided over a golden age until it declined due to intrigue, war, and weakness that led to its centuries of powerless existence until its downfall in the hands of the mongols. The abbasid caliphs were the holders of the islamic title of caliph who were members of the abbasid dynasty, a branch of the quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the islamic prophet muhammad, alabbas ibn abd almuttalib the family came to power in the abbasid revolution in 748750, supplanting the umayyad caliphate. The abbasid state survived for more than five centuries, until it was destroyed by the mongols in 656. It overthrew the umayyad caliphate in 750 ce and reigned until it was destroyed by the mongol invasion in 1258. The abbasids later also established another city north of baghdad, called samarra an.
Social life under the abbasids soas research online. The timeline of caliphate in history linkedin slideshare. Abbasid caliphs in our time, radio 4, in streaming realaudio. The umayyad and abbasid empires boundless world history. The family came to power in the abbasid revolution in 748750, supplanting the umayyad caliphate. Alamin was the elder and was nominated as the heir to the caliphate. This is basically a map of the abbasid caliphate like it currently would look like. It was the third islamic caliphate and overthrew the umayyad caliphate to take power in all but the westernmost fringe of muslim holdings at that timespain and portugal, known then as the alandalus region. First hereditary dynasty of muslim caliphs 661 to 750. Describe and explain the decline of the abbasid caliphate.
The abbasid caliphate is quite big left and covers all of iraq, iran, the arabian peninsula, most of egypt and the northern coast of africa. The abbasid revolution, also called the movement of the men of the black raiment, was the overthrow of the umayyad caliphate 661750 ce, the second of the four major caliphates in early islamic history, by the third, the abbasid caliphate 7501258 ce. Egypt 9091171 was not enough to crack the political monopoly of the abbasids. Study 18 terms ap world history chapter 11 vocab flashcards. The eclipse of the abbasid caliphate work by ibn miskawayh. An ongoing detailed account of the history of the abbasids from an islamic perspective. Home secondary curriculum content periods early medieval podcast series. A brief history of the abbasid caliphate exploring history. Under the umayyad caliphs the abbasids lived quietly until they became involved in numerous disputes, beginning early in the 8th cent.
It was easier to manufacture than parchment, less likely to crack than papyrus, and. The fifth caliph of the abbasid dynasty, harun alrashid r. History of islam, islamic institutions, caliphate, imamate, abolition of caliphate introduction caliphate, one of the most discussed issues among muslims following the death of muhammad a. This force, created in the reign of almamun 833 and his brother and successor almutasim 83342, prevented the further disintegration of the empire. The abbasids held the caliphate from 749 to 1258, but they were recognized neither in spain nor after 787 w of egypt. It doesnt mean only for muslim, but also nonmuslims can also have citizenship of the caliphate. The abbasid caliphs were the holders of the islamic title of caliph who were members of the abbasid dynasty, a branch of the quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the islamic prophet muhammad, alabbas ibn abd almuttalib. Coming to power three decades after the death of the muslim prophet muhammad and immediately after the.
This period is regarded as the golden age of the abbasid caliphate and was followed immediately by civil war between his sons. See more ideas about abbasid caliphate, history and islam. Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in smithsonian libraries fedlink us genealogy lincoln collection. Abbasid caliphate simple english wikipedia, the free. The abbasid dynasty descended from muhammads youngest uncle, abbas ibn abd almuttalib 566653 ce. The last years of the first century ahbeginnings of 8th century ad, witnessed the development of abbasid political activity, which aimed at the destruction of the umayyad caliphate and the establishment of the abbasid state in its place. List of books and articles about abbasid caliphate online. The dynasty ruled the islamic caliphate from 750 to 1258 ad, making it one of the longest and most influential islamic dynasties. A brief history of the abbasid caliphate the abbasid caliphate 750 1258 stood was a great islamic empire that dominated two continents. The umayyad caliphate, the second of the four major arab caliphates. From their capital at damascus, the umayyads ruled one of the largest empires in history that extended from spain to india. The abbasid caliphate, which ruled most of the muslim world from baghdad in what is now iraq, lasted from 750 to 1258 a. Caliphate basically means, a state of entire muslim nation, which is recognized by the islam.
Like the umayyad caliphate before it, the leader of the abbasids was called the caliph. However almamun, who was the effective governor of the eastern provinces was ambitious. The abbasid caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the islamic prophet muhammad. Thay ruled as caliphs for maist o the caliphate frae thair caipital in baghdad in modrenday iraq, efter haein owerthrawn the umayyad caliphate in the abbasid revolution o 750 ce 2 ah. The abbasid dynasty descended from muhammads uncle, alabbas ibn abd almuttalib 566653 ce, from whom the dynasty takes its name. The early abbasid caliphate was an important period for islam. The abbasids were arabs who descended from muhammads family settled in an area that was once part of the persian empire. Nov 20, 20 abbasid caliphate after the collapse of umayyad control, the muslim empire was split into eastern and western territories us andal al ain im sp musl 4. The abbasid state survived for more than five centuries, until it was destroyed by the mongols in 656 ah1258 ad. Under the abbasid caliphate 7501258, which succeeded the umayyads 661750 in 750, the focal point of islamic political and cultural life shifted eastward from syria to iraq, where, in 762, baghdad, the circular city of peace madinat alsalam, was founded as the new capital. Modern scholarship has devoted considerable attention to the formation and execution of the antiumayyad movement. Dec 11, 2015 abbasid caliphate the early islamic empire fell to abbasid control with the overthrow and decimation of the umayyad house in 750 c. In 1258 ce, however, the capital city of baghdad was sacked by the mongols causing the abbasids to. They ruled as caliphs, for most of their period from their capital in baghdad in modernday iraq.
Mar 17, 2015 the abbasid caliphate the abbasids in islamic history in islamic history, abbasid was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of baghdad, the second of the two great sunni dynasties of the muslim empire, that overthrew the umayyad caliphs. The mongol invasion, which shook the world of islam to its very foundations in the seventhth century was an unprecedented phenomenon in the history of mankind. In palestine and syria there are uprisings from supporters of the previous umayyad dynasty, whose base was damascus. Jan 01, 2009 bennisons study of the abbasid caliphate is a useful survey of the history and culture of one of the great periods of the islamic world. A history of iran in the mid8th through early 10th centuries. The first abbasid civil war 811819, known as the fourth fitna or fourth muslim civil war, was fought between two brothers amin and mamun. She offers an admirable if conventional account of the various peoples, events, and ideas that. Paper was easier to manufacture than parchment and less likely to crack than papyrus. The history of turkicarab ties goes back to the preislamic period and the establishment of the arab. Abbasid caliphate project gutenberg selfpublishing. Background following elaborate investiture ceremonies in cairo, the abbasid caliph almustan.
During this period, the abbasids were strong leaders who controlled a vast territory and created a culture that is often referred as the golden age of islam. Poetry and literature were significant ways that the abbasids expressed their cultural values. This page was last edited on 2 october 2018, at 05. Abbasid dynasty study guide by laaurenbowen includes 17 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet. It wis foondit bi a dynasty descendit frae muhammads uncle, abbas ibn abdulmuttalib 566653 ce, frae that the dynasty taks its name. While northern europe was suffering from the fall of the roman empire, mediterranean europe was flourishing, along with north africa, the arabian peninsula, and other areas under islamic rule, helped partially because of the research. The prestige of the new rulers was, however, to be buttressed by two tendencies, in some ways contradictory, which continued to become more pronounced over the years. The author adopts a broader and deeper approach, focusing above all on the people.
Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in. Essay about influence of the muslims in the abbasid caliphate. The rise and fall of the abbasid caliphate european. She offers an admirable if conventional account of the various peoples, events, and ideas that shaped this pivotal moment in world history. Thay ruled as caliphs for maist o the caliphate frae thair caipital in baghdad. Margoliouth, the eclipse of the abbasid caliphate, 1921, was noted for its use of all available sources and greatly stimulated the development of islamic historiography. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. The abbasid caliphate first centred its government in kufa, modernday iraq, but in 762 the caliph almansur founded the city of baghdad, near the ancient sasanian capital city of ctesiphon.
The abbasid period was marked by reliance on persian bureaucrats notably the barmakid family for governing the territories as well as an increasing. A people, hitherto unknown even to their neighbours, poured forth from the bare and bleak plateau of karakorum mongolia and with. Descendants of the prophet muhammads uncle, alabbas, the abbasids overthrew the umayyad caliphate and ruled an islamic empire from their capital in baghdad from 750. How it represented and defined the culture of the abbasids the abbasid caliphate was an islamic empire that existed from 750 to 1258 c. During the time of the abbasids, the caliph was usually the son or other closest male relative of the previous caliph. Abbasid caliphate of cairo 12611517 in the 9th century, the abbasids created an army loyal only to their caliphate, composed of nonarab origin people, known as mamluks. The abbasid revolution followed an extended period of clandestine organization centered in the eastern province of khurasan. In it, altabari details with great success the intricate events that shaped real political power in samarra and baghdad during the middle of the ninth century, laying bare the dynamics through which the army generalswho were mainly of central asian turkish extractionconsolidated. Place and role of central asian turks in the history of abbasid egypt. From the 9th century the rule of the abbasid caliphs in baghdad is often, in many parts of the muslim world, more nominal than real. Amira bennisons engaging history of the abbasid caliphate moves beyond more conventional or drier accounts of political intrigue among ruling elites and sectarian squabbles. Read more inspire your inbox sign up for daily fun facts about this day in history, updates, and special offers. The 9 th century was plagued by two civil wars in the abbasid caliphate.
It is the symbol of spiritual, political, economical and military unity. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Abbasids, descendants of an uncle of muhammad, owed the success of their revolt in large part to their appeal to various pietistic, extremist, or merely disgruntled groups and in particular to the aid of the shi. While northern europe was suffering from the fall of the roman empire, mediterranean europe was flourishing, along with north africa, the arabian peninsula, and other areas under islamic rule, helped partially because of the research the muslims preserved from. The umayyad and abbasid caliphates the abbasid caliphate 7501258 the abbasid caliphate 7501258 you dont have permission to view this page. Jul 27, 2016 the timeline of caliphate in history 1. The abbasid caliphate achieved its zenith during the era of harun alrashid but this civil war between his two sons weakened the caliphate. Abbasid caliphate, second of the two great dynasties of the muslim empire of the caliphate. Mar 11, 2019 the abbasid caliphate, which ruled most of the muslim world from baghdad in what is now iraq, lasted from 750 to 1258 a. The abbasid caliphate was a major dynasty that ruled over the islamic empire during its peak. The abbasid caliphate first centred its govrenment in kufa, modrenday iraq, but in 762 the caliph almansur foondit the ceety o baghdad, near the auncient. Bennisons study of the abbasid caliphate is a useful survey of the history and culture of one of the great periods of the islamic world. The abbasid caliphate chapter 4 the cambridge history. The abbasid caliphate greatly affected the modern world in many ways through their golden age of information.
It is derived from the word khalf which means to be behind, to. The sheer size of the caliphate meant that scholars and artists could easily draw inspiration and expand upon the works of other, older civilizations. List of books and articles about abbasid caliphate. The philosophers, scientists, inventors, and poets of the abbasid empire paved the way for the renaissance and continue to affect our world. The abbasid historical period lasting to the mongol conquest of baghdad in 1258 ce is. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Abbasid caliphate after the collapse of umayyad control, the muslim empire was split into eastern and western territories us andal al ain im sp musl 4. Most of the narrations have been sifted through to avoid biased theories regardless if the historians as mentioned are shiite or sunni.